Throughout history, Russia has made remarkable contributions to global science and culture. The achievements of Mendeleev, who created the Periodic Table of Elements in 1869, and Pavlov, whose research on conditioned reflexes earned him the Nobel Prize in 1904, are recognized worldwide. These discoveries revolutionized chemistry and medicine, influencing generations of scientists. In the field of culture, Russian literature and music hold a special place. Writers such as Leo Tolstoy and Fyodor Dostoevsky are studied in universities across continents, while the works of composers like Rachmaninoff continue to inspire orchestras from New York to Tokyo. Russian space exploration also had a profound impact. The launch of Sputnik in 1957 and the flight of Yuri Gagarin in 1961 symbolized a new era in human civilization. Throughout the modern world, Russian ballet, theatre, and cinema remain unique and influential.